IN
THE HIGH COURT OF SWAZILAND
HELD
AT MBABANE
Civil
Case No. 2214/2002
In
the matter between
ROBERT
RICHARD JAMES KIRK Applicant
And
PETER
KOWALSKI Respondent
Coram
Annandale, ACJ
For
Applicant Mr. L. Mamba
For
Respondent Mr. S. Nkosi
JUDGMENT
30th March, 2004
In
his application, the applicant seeks an order that the respondent be
evicted from the property known as Portion 35 (a portion of Portion
22) of Farm No. 234 at Manzini, with costs on the scale of attorney
and client.
The
application was brought on an urgent basis on the 24th July 2002 but
for a number of reasons, was argued more than a year later, in
November 2003. At some stage, probably the 2nd December 2002, the
matter would already have been heard by the learned former Chief
Justice, as he recorded on the court file "Curia Advisari Vult"
on that date. This aspect was not canvassed by either of the
attorneys, and from my own enquiries, the reserved judgment was
neither written nor delivered. I will take it as if the merits have
not been pronounced upon, hearing it as Court of first instance.
2
In
both the respondent's opposing affidavit and his attorney's Heads of
Argument, the point was raised that the applicant failed to set out
the grounds and reasons our circumstances as to why the matter has to
be dealt with urgently and why substantial redress cannot be obtained
in due course. Mr. Nkosi referred the Court to the unreported case of
H.P. ENTERPRISES (PTY) LTD v NEDBANK (SWAZILAND) LTD; Case No.
788/1999 where in it was stated by Sapire CJ that "A litigant
seeking to invoke the urgency procedures must make specific
allegation which demonstrate the observance of the normal procedures
and time limits prescribed by the Rules will result in irreparable
loss or irreversible deterioration to his prejudice in the situation
giving rise to the litigation. The facts alleged must not be
contrived or fanciful but give rise to a reasonable fear that if
immediate relief is not afforded, irreparable harm will follow."
He thus relies on Rule 6(25)(b) of the High Court Rules, which he
says to be peremptory, as a basis to dismiss the matter forthwith.
The
application is indeed not supported by sufficient justification of
urgency. The applicant does say in his affidavit ( paragraph 10.1 to
10.4) that the respondent is "currently" building a house
on the property, without first securing consent of the applicant to
do so, also that he has no right to occupy the property, both said to
be unlawful. He does not say when this suddenly came to his attention
or when it started to be so and why he has done nothing about it
since then, nor why he cannot get redress in the ordinary cause of
the legal process.
Although
the issue of urgency was raised in the papers, both in the opposing
affidavit and the Heads of Argument, it was not actively pursued
during the hearing in court. This may be due to a ruling recorded on
the court file, dated the 7th August, 2002, when it was ordered that
the matter is to take its normal course. It also may be the reason
why it took so long to eventually be argued on the merits.
In
any event, it does seem that the matter was not sufficiently
motivated as one of urgency and that it was not dealt with on that
basis either and further, that the point was not pursued in Court.
Thus, the point in limine does not require further consideration and
is not upheld.
3
A
second point was raised by the respondent in limine, again in his
opposing affidavit, where he states that the applicant has failed to
join a necessary party, being the Kowalski Children's Trust, or its
trustees, rendering the application defective. He incorporates
thereto the 22nd paragraph of his affidavit, which reads that:-
"It
is stated that the applicant has failed to join the Kowalski
Children's Trust which trust is the owner of the land. In any event
the applicant has conceded that I have no loci (sic) standi but
despite such knowledge he proceeded to make the application, citing
me in my personal capacity as the respondent."
This
follows on the applicant's contention that the Kowalski Children's
Trust was never registered with the Registrar of Deeds or with the
Master of the High Court and as a consequence, that it could not
operate or act, through the absence of the appointment of trustees,
further that no Trust Deed exists. The applicant does not recognise
the Trust as such at all, furthermore as there allegedly is no
indication that the reported donee ever accepted the donation (of
land belonging to a company, Games Estate (Pty) Ltd, by Mrs. A.M.
Boyder, to the Kowalski Children's Trust), due to the Trust never
being in existence. Applicant goes further to state (paragraph 7.12)
that even if it was so that the Trust actually was established and
registered, "the respondent clearly has no locus standi in his
personal capacity to represent the Trust. There is equally nothing to
indicate that the Respondent has any title to the land even less the
right to occupy same in his personal capacity."
This
has to be seen in a proper perspective. What the applicant says is
that the respondent has no legal capacity to represent the Trust,
which is not recognised by the applicant as being in existence, in
his personal capacity. He also says that the Trust is not the owner
of the property, that it could not and did not accept a "donation"
of the property by Mrs. Boyder. He also says that from these facts,
the respondent cannot have title to the land or any right to occupy
it. He does not say that the respondent, in his personal capacity,
does not have locus standi to be sued qua occupier of the property,
in order to seek his eviction. That is why, he says, he does not sue
nomine officio in the capacity as a trustee or in any other
representative capacity. The applicant seeks the eviction of the
respondent as natural person in occupation of the
4
land
averred to belong to the applicant and not anyone else. No relief is
sought against the Trust or beneficiaries of the Trust,
In
the respondent's written argument as presented to Court, non-joinder
of the Trust or its trustees is the overriding factor held out to be
detrimental to the application, that the citation of the respondent
in eo nomine lacks legal standing to be sued since ex facie the
papers, the land in question was donated to the Trust.
To
me, this line of argument seems to be self-destructive. On the one
hand, it is said that there is no Trust at all, while on the other
hand, it is said that the same nonexistent Trust was a necessary
party to be joined.
This
was not the manner in which the matter was argued at the hearing. The
respondent's attorney did not argue these aspects as preliminary
points of law, which if accepted, would have disposed of the matter.
Only during the course of the hearing after having fully heard the
applicant's case, was it said during the respondent's argument, that
in the event the Court was to hold that the Trust indeed is valid,
that it would only then become necessary to determine whether the
respondent was correctly cited, whether he does indeed have locus
standi as the correct party before court. The matter was heard on
that basis and I do not propose to deal with the issue of locus
standi on the basis as it was pleaded in the papers, as a point in
limine. The question will only fall to be decided if the merits
require so, which is not the position due to the outcome of the
matter which impacts on the locus standi of the applicant, not the
respondent.
In
the applicant's founding affidavit, he states that the respondent
resides on portion 35 (a portion of portion 22) of farm 234, Matsapha
in the Manzini district (the disputed property). The same property is
one that he says he has ownership of, which he seeks to prove by way
of a Deed of Transfer, incorporated into his papers. This Deed
(Annexure "A") records a transfer of "Remaining Extent
of Portion 35 (a portion of portion 22) of Farm No. 234 situate in
the District of Manzini, Swaziland". The transfer is recorded to
be from Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd in favour of Robert Richard James
Kirk (the Applicant). The transferor (Gaines Estates), by virtue of a
resolution of the Board of Directors of the 24th May 2002 authorised
its director,
5
Thomas
Moore Carl Kirk to make over the property to the transferee
(applicant), it having been sold to him for E75 000.
The
applicant then brings into play the first of many complications when
he elaborates on his initial averment of where exactly the respondent
resides, by saying that he "is in unlawful possession of a
portion of the farm referred to above and for identification purposes
that portion of the farm will be referred to as portion 46 (a portion
of portion 35) of farm 234...".
From
the diagrams he refers to (annexure "D" attached to
annexure "B") portion 46 is an angular shaped piece of land
along the Northern and Eastern boundaries of the remaining extent
portion 35, featured on a subdivisional diagram, surveyed in August
1996, it being part of an application to subdivide portion 35 of farm
234 dated January 1966. The differences in dates may be due to any
number of reasons, but the application of 1966 is endorsed
"subdivisional boundaries subject to amendment on final survey."
The
applicant goes on to say that prior to him taking transfer, the land
(the remaining extent of portion 35) belonged to Gaines Estates (Pty)
Ltd and that his father, in his capacity as director and shareholder
of the company gave notice to the respondent to vacate the portion of
the farm occupied by him. The applicant did likewise. The dates of
these notices are not stated, nor when the respondent took
occupation, nor are any copies of these notices filed of record. He
also does not state whether the subdivision of the remainder of
portion 35, with the resultant "new" portion 46, proceeded
or not.
Essentially,
his case is that he owns the land which the respondent occupies,
notice to vacate was given but not obeyed, hence his application to
evict.
He
then proceeds to give a detailed background of his version of the
facts. His father, Thomas Moore Carl Kirk bought all the issued
shares in Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd from the executor of the estate of
the late Alfreda Mary Boyder. The company owned the contested
property, the remaining extent of Portion 35 of the farm in issue.
The filed "Memorandum of Agreement of Sale of Shares"
(annexure 'B') reflects that one
6
James,
the executor of the estate of Boyder, sold the entire issued and paid
up shares in Gaines Estates, which were owned by Boyder, to Thomas
Moore Kirk at E700 000 on the 5 April, 2002. The seller warranted
that the company owned the remainder of portion 22 (a portion of
portion 19) of farm 234, Manzini, held under a Deed of Transfer
239/1967 and certificate of registered title 403/1997, and all other
immovable property registered in the name of the company, subject to
the provisions of the will of the late Mrs. Boyder.
Without
providing any details of it, he states that his father as sole
director and shareholder of the company "requested" the
respondent to vacate the portion of the property occupied by him,
which he refused to do. Again, no mention of how, when or why the
respondent took occupation, or precisely which portion of the farm
refers. He adds that the respondent was erecting a dwelling on the
farm.
The
applicant refers to an application brought earlier, which he
incorporates in his papers, wherein the eviction of the same
respondent was sought by the company Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd, under
case number 1763/02, which application (brought as one of urgency in
June 2002), was withdrawn the following month, with a tender for
wasted costs. Therein, the same relief was sought as now, an eviction
of Kowalski from portion 35.
The
applicant states that the reason for withdrawal of the first
application was due to "an oversight" by his father's
attorneys, who sued in the name of the company, which at that time
did not own the property anymore, having already sold it to the
present applicant.
In
his founding affidavit, the applicant then goes on to deal with the
defences raised by the same respondent in the first (withdrawn)
application, anticipating that the same would again be raised.
The
primary defence then raised, as per the applicant's exposition, is
that the respondent denies being in occupation of the land described
in the application (portion 35) but that in fact he occupies a
portion of portion 35, now described as portion 46. To this, the
applicant's argument is that although the subdivision of portion 35
into
7
portion
46 and the remaining extent of portion 35 was approved by the
Surveyor General, such subdivision was never registered against the
title deeds of portion 35, nor was it registered in the name of any
person or entity. As consequence, the subdivided property remained as
the registered property of the company, who sold the "entire
farm inclusive of the divided portion" to the applicant. Of
course this cannot be correct. I take it that he means to say that
portion 35, inclusive of portion 46, was sold to him, i.e. portion
46, the subdivided part, as well as the remaining extent of portion
35. "The entire farm" literally means the whole of the
original farm 234, which has long ago been subdivided into many
portions, totalling some 1205 hectares, with portion 35 being only
1,5152 hectares in extent.
The
applicant interprets the legal position to be that "ownership of
property vests in the registered owner thereof, a positive
registration system by which ownership is fully and finally
determined by the title deeds of the land, that a registered title is
unassailable and unquestionably valid as full and final proof of
ownership.
The
secondary defence of the respondent, on the initial application, as
presently set out by the applicant, is that portion 46 was donated by
the late Alfreda M. Boyer in terms of a Deed of Donation on the 22nd
February 1996. This document, annexure "A" in the initial
matter, is said to be worthless on the basis that at the time, the
property was not hers to donate but was registered in the name of
Gaines Estates (Pty) Ltd (the company). As proof of that, the
applicant relies on a copy of the Title Deed of the land, annexure
"F" which annexure does not exist.
I
pause here and divert to record the Court's displeasure with the
state of the Book of Pleadings presented in this matter. Apart from
not being properly bound, the quality of photocopies is unacceptable,
dark overtoned and frequently illegible. The papers are not properly
indexed and annexures are not properly identified. Some annexures
referred to in the papers, like annexure "F' do not exist in
either the Book of Pleadings or anywhere else. At least the pages are
properly numbered. The Registrar should not accept papers like the
present and litigants will not be heard to complain when their
matters are not dealt with to their expectations if practise
directives are disregarded.
8
Returning
to the aforementioned "annexure F", which does not exist,
at best it can be inferred that the applicant in fact refers to
annexure "TK1" also filed as annexure "RIG", a
certificate of Registered Title number 403 of 1997. Therein, the
Registrar of Deeds certified on the 2nd October 1997 that Gaines
Estate (Pty) Ltd was the registered owner of portion 35( a portion of
portion 22) of farm 234, Manzini, measuring 1,5152 hectares, acquired
on the 29th December 1967. If this inference is correct, as I am
bound to do under the circumstances, the applicant apparently seems
to be correct to state that:-
"At
the time the Deed of Donation was made, namely the 22nd day of
February 1996, she (Boyder) was not the owner of the land she was
purportedly donating as same was registered in the name of Gaines
Estate (Pty) Ltd."
However,
the Certificate of Registered Title does not bear this out, as ex
facie the document, it is unknown who owned the property prior to the
29th December 1967, or more specifically, on the 22nd February 1996,
the date of "donation." The certificate states that portion
35 was registered in the name of the company on the 29th December
1967. Also, the donation was made by Boyder "for and on behalf
of Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd," as explicitly stated on the
document.
The
further point raised by the applicant is that over and above his
assertion that Boyder was not legally capable of donating land that
did not belong to her, the donation was made to the "Kowalski
Children Trust". He contends that no such Trust has been
registered or validly established with either the Master of the High
Court or the Registrar of Deeds. Arising from this, he concludes that
no trustees were duly appointed, who could have acted for and on
behalf of the non-existent Trust. Furthermore, he says that the donee
could not have accepted the donation as it does not appear so on the
Deed of Donation and also, that it could not have been accepted as
the donee, the Kowalski Children's Trust, never came into existence.
Even if it was to be so that indeed the Trust was established and
registered, the applicant contends that the respondent has no locus
standi in his personal capacity to represent the Trust or that he has
any title to the land or the right to occupy it in his personal
capacity.
9
The
applicant qua averred owner of the land, seeks the occupant to be
evicted from the property due to unlawful occupation, compounded by
the erection of a dwelling on the land, which he refuses to vacate
despite repeated notices to do so. Therefore the alleged urgency of
the application, as the building of the dwelling continues to be
done, over and above the occupation by the respondent.
Turning
to the opposing papers, a further and crucial point needs to be dealt
with, namely whether the applicant has locus standi to bring the
application. The respondent avers in paragraph 2(c) of his affidavit
that the applicant is not the owner of portion 46, (a portion of
portion 35) of farm 234, Manzini, it being the portion that is
allegedly unlawfully occupied by the respondent.
This
allegation is based on the understanding that portion 46 is owned by
the Kowalski Children's Trust by virtue of the Deed of Donation dated
the 22nd February 1996. In turn, it impacts on the applicant's
contention that the donation is invalid and so with the Trust.
Hereby, the conundrum that requires determination over and above all
else is: who owns portion 46?
I
have already alluded to the relevant title deeds supra but revert to
annexure "B", which is the subdivisional diagram of the
contentious portion 46, a portion of portion 35, measuring 3351
Square Metres. It is a diagram made by a land surveyor that depicts
the portion alongside its measurements, beacon descriptions and
coordinates, which diagram was approved by the Surveyor General on
the 17 September 1997. It does not further indicate who the owner is
or that it is a description of land conveyed by the Registrar of
Deeds.
A
further plan that follows an annexure "B" is plan S366 RH,
part of an application to subdivide the remainder of portion 35, the
land of the applicant. That a diagram was approved by the
Surveyor-General does not assist as proof how further subdivision
took place. By all appearances, the subdivisional diagram seems to
have been approved, in slightly different form, as part of an
application to subdivide portion 35.
10
By
looking at the papers and documents placed before court and on which
the parties rely to substantiate their different points of view, a
brief summary of the emerging picture is along the following
chronological lines.
In
January 1966, there was an application to subdivide the remainder of
portion 35 of the farm. According to plan S366RH the boundaries of
the subdivision is subject to amendment on final survey,
provisionally 3200 square metres, leaving some 7450 square metres
with the remainder of portion 35. (See the second page of the second
annexure "B", page 54 of the papers before court).
In
her will dated the 27th January 1997, the late Mrs. Boyder appoints
one James as her executor. She bequeaths all of her estate,
including Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd to the same James, her godson,
except for her house and surrounding fenced in property, which is
bequeathed to a charity. (Annexure RK4 on page 100).
On
the 22nd February 1997, Mrs. Boyder, acting on behalf of Gaines
Estate (Pty) Ltd donates the "remainder of portion 35 of farm
234...which in area is 3200 square metres " to the Kowalski
Children's Trust. The Deed of Donation is endorsed to the effect
that the land must remain the property of the Trust and may not be
sold. Also, it refers to plan S366RH (see 1 supra) and that it is to
be surveyed for identification and transfer, after subdivision, to
the Trust. (The second annexure "A" on page 52 and/or page
71).
On
the same date, a "Deed of Trust" is drawn by the creator,
Kowalski. It states that acting on behalf of Gaines Estates (Pty)
Ltd., Mrs. Boyder donated land, now described as the "proposed
remainder of portion 35 of (the farm)" to the Trust, that
Kowalski as creator of the Trust has accepted the donation on behalf
of the Trust, and that he ratifies the acceptance of the donation.
The Deed continues to describe what the Trust will do with
11
the
property, who the beneficiaries are, what is to become of the
property and the shares in the trust, who the trustees will be, their
powers and so on.
On
the 23rd February 1997, Kowalski, on behalf of the Trust as creator
and trustee, signs an "acceptance of Donation" of the
remainder of portion 35 of (the farm) measuring 3200 square metres
as per subdivisional diagram being plan No. S366RN" Strictly
speaking, with reference to the plan he refers to, the application
to subdivide is in respect of the remainder of portion 35, totalling
1 065 square metres or 1,065 hectares, which after the proposed
subdivision will have two parts: The first, the remaining portion of
portion 35 will measure (according to the plan) some 7 450 square
metres (0,745 hectares) and the second, the remaining extent of
portion 35, which is later referred to as portion 46, measuring some
3 200 square metres or 0,320 hectares. Thus, the "remainder"
is different from the remaining portion. Worthy of note is that no
copy of a Deed of Registration of a "Portion 46" has been
filed by either party, it being the contentious property. It is
referred to in a number of places, said to have been donated, and
with more than one surface area ascribed to it (3200m2 or 3351m2 ).
This "L" shaped piece of land to the North East and North
West of the remainder of portion 35 used to be part of the whole of
portion 35 but is not accounted for in the present matter by way of
a Deed of Registration.
(See
the third annexure "B" - on pages 73 and 74).
This
same piece of land is next referred to on the 17th September, 1997,
in a subdivisional diagram. Here, the land described as portion 46
(a portion of portion 35) of farm 234, measures 3 351 square metres,
instead of the 3 200 square metres as mentioned in the Deed of
Donation or the Trust Deed. The property is described in a
subdivisional diagram, SG 115/97 of what is now known as portion 46.
There is however no endorsement on the diagram that it describes
land which is being transferred. It does state that it refers to
diagram S166/93, which is the same diagram that is
12
referred
to in the certificate of registered title dated the 2nd October 1997
of Games Estate in respect of the whole of portion 35 of the farm,
measuring some 1,5152 hectares. (See the second annexure "B"
on page 53 and note 7 infra)
In
the latter document of the 2nd October 1997, the Registrar of Deeds
certifies that portion 35 of the farm, measuring 1,5152 hectares, is
registered as the property of Gaines Estates (Pty) Ltd. The land is
said to be a portion of the land registered in its name under a Deed
of Transfer dated the 29th December 1967. The certificate was issued
at the request of Mrs. Boyder, as a director of Gaines Estates (Pty)
Ltd, authorised to do so by a resolution of her Board of Directors
on the 16th September 1997. (See annexure TK1 on page 38 or annexure
RK3 on page 91). The property, portion 35, clearly differs from the
remainder of portion 35, which formed the subject of the land
donated by Mrs. Boyder, according to 3, 4 and 5 supra, and from the
remaining extent of portion 35, described in 12 infra.
A
few years later, on the 5th April 2002, a memorandum of agreement
was recorded wherein James, the executor of Boyder's estate, sold
the entire issued shared capital of Gaines Estates (Pty) Ltd, which
was held by Mrs. Boyder and her nominee to Thomas Moore Kirk. (See
page 24 of the papers). The agreement records further that the
seller warrants that the company was the owner of the remainder of
portion 22 (a portion of portion 19) of farm 234, Manzini, held
under Deed of Transfer No. 239/1967 and certificate of Registered
Title No. 403/97, subject to the provisions of Boyder's will. (2
supra). The certificate of registered title (7 supra) refers to
portion 35 of the farm, 1,5152 hectares, which in turn is certified
to be a portion of portion 22 of the same farm. The Deed of Transfer
No. 239/1967 is in turn certified to be the Deed under which the
company, Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd, had the property, of which portion
35 is a portion of, registered in its name on the 29' December,
1967.
13
The
following day, the 5th May, 2003, all 100 shares in Gaines Estates
(Pty) Ltd were transferred to Kirk senior (pages 85 and 86, annexure
"RKla") which effectively made him the owner of portion 35
of the farm.
A
week later, on the 13th May 2002, a form was issued by the Registrar
of Companies which indicates that Thomas Moore Kirk was appointed as
director of Gaines Estate on the 3rd May 2002, as was Robert James
Kirk (the applicant) on the 5th May 2002. (Annexure "RK2",
page 87)
On
the 24th May 2002, according to an extract of the minutes of Gaines
Estate, it was resolved that its new director, Thomas Moore Kirk, be
authorised to sell and transfer, on behalf of the company, the
remaining extent of portion 35 (a portion of portion 22) measuring
1,0655 hectares. (Annexure "RK1" page 84).
This
ultimately led to the registration of the remaining extent of
portion 35,1,0655 hectares, into the names of the applicant, Robert
James Kirk, on the 12th June 2002. (The first "annexure A",
page 14).
For
the sake of clarity, I reiterate that the applicant's registered
property is described in the Title Deed as "the remaining extent
of portion 35 (a portion of portion 22) of (the farm) measuring
1,0655 hectares. The property that is mentioned in the Deed of
Donation of Mrs. Boyder acting on behalf of Gaines Estate, the Deed
of Trust and its acceptance, refers to a different piece of land,
described as "the remainder of portion 35" (3200 square
metres, which is also said to be 3351 square metres in the
subdivisional diagram).
Simple
arithmetic shows that the original portion 35 owned by Gaines Estates
had an area of 1,5152 hectares. Deducting from this area the
remaining extent of portion 35 of 1,0655, registered in the name of
the applicant, leaves a balance of 0,4497 hectares or 4 497 square
metres. This area does not equate to either the 3200m2 mentioned in
the Donation to the Trust, nor to the 3351m2 described in the second
"annexure B" on page 53, respectively described as the
remainder (or proposed remainder) of portion 35 and portion 46.
According to the papers filed of record, portion 35 was
14
subdivided
into the remainder of portion 35 and obviously some remaining extent
must have been left of it, but as said above, no title deed in
respect of that remaining extent is available. If it did indeed end
up as being portion 46 as per the subdivisional diagram, the area of
3351 square metres does not account for the full area of 4497 square
metres, nor does the land donated by Boyder, 3200 square metres, fill
the void. There is no mention anywhere in the papers that the
"remaining extent" of portion 35, measuring 4497 square
metres was further subdivided into a further portion of land, which
could have accounted for the difference.
From
this discursus I revert to the respondent's opposing affidavit. In
paragraph 2(c) The respondent states that:-
"The
applicant has no loci (sic) standi to bring the application as he is
not the owner of portion 46 (a portion of portion 35) of farm 234
District of Manzini."
It
is common cause that the respondent is in occupation of the portion
of land which is referred to as portion 46, but which portion is not
registered in the name of either the respondent or the Kowalski
Children's Trust Fund, A subdivisional diagram in respect of portion
46 was proposed and approved but the Court is unaware of any
registration of such a portion by the Registrar of Deeds. If it was
so, it certainly would have been stated so in the papers.
The
point taken in limine by the respondent is the counterside of this.
What he contends in effect, is that whatever his own rights, or that
of the Trust, might be to occupy the land which he occupies, it is
not for the applicant to raise any dispute. That is because, he says,
the portion he occupies, portion 46, does not belong to the
applicant. The question to be decided before the merits of the
application comes into play is thus if indeed the applicant has the
right to contest his occupation of portion 46. In turn, whether the
applicant has any right and title to portion 46, which may be
infringed and thereby have legal standing to seek an enforcement of
his rights by having the occupant of a portion evicted.
15
In
his founding affidavit the applicant sets out that he is the
registered owner of the remaining extent of portion 35 (a portion of
portion 22) of the farm. The Deed of Transfer annexed to his papers
support this. The portion is 1,065 hectares in extent. The original
portion 35, before the remaining portion was subdivided from it,
measured 1,5152 hectares. As set out above, the balance remaining
after the subdivision, namely 0,4497 hectares or 4 497 square metres,
does not equate to the area of land mentioned in the subdivisional
diagram relating to portion 46 (being 3 351m2) nor to the area of
land mentioned in the Deed of Donation and Trust papers, being 3
200m2. Something is amiss as the sums do not balance.
The
fact of the matter is that if the applicant wants to have either the
respondent in person or the Trust evicted from "his" land,
he has to be the owner of it, in order to have legal standing to
bring the application in the first place.
In
his answering affidavit filed in the first (withdrawn) application
against him which was brought by Gaines Estate (Pty) Ltd, Kowalski
stated in paragraph 6 that:-
"The
respondent denies being in occupation of portion 35 (a portion of
portion 22) of farm 234 as described above.
Applicant
is put to strict proof thereof.
Respondent
specifically avers that he is occupying Portion 46 (a portion of
portion 35) of farm 234 donated by the applicant in terms of a deed
of donation dated the 22nd February 1996 hereto attached marked "A
".
Respondent
further avers that the subdivision of the farm into and or adding
portion 46(a portion of portion 35) of Farm No. 234 was approved by
the Surveyor General on the 19th September 1997 as more fully appears
on the subdivisional diagram hereto marked "B ".
Respondent
lastly avers that there is no legal obligation compelling him to
vacate the property he is currently residing in or building on
because it does not belong to the applicant."
16
The
same contention applies to the present application. By his own
admission, and assertion supported by the Deed in respect of his
land, the applicant is the owner of the remaining extent of portion
35 and not the whole original of portion 35. The initial portion 35
was subdivided and the applicant owns the remaining extent, now
1,0655 hectares, of what used to be portion 35, then 1,5152 hectares.
Whatever
the case may be with regard to the other portion, apparently now
portion 46, is not the concern of the applicant as owner of the
remaining extent of portion 35. He has no title to portion 46 and
accordingly, he is not a person or entity with locus standi to seek
the eviction of his neighbour from land which does not belong to him.
Therefore,
the point raised in limine stands to be upheld and it is thus not
necessary to determine the other main issues raised in the
application, namely whether the donation and trust is in order or
not, nor whether the respondent's occupation of portion 46 is
enforceable by himself or the Trust. Ownership and the right of
occupation in respect of portion 46 or the rest of portion 35, after
the remainder was subdivided and registered to the applicant is not
pronounced upon.
Accordingly,
the application is dismissed in limine, with costs.
ANNANDALE,
ACJ